During the sequential oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and then to uric acid, xanthine oxidase (XO) incompletely reduces O, generating O 2 and HO [128]
evaluated intraduodenal (ID) infusions of glutamine (7.5 or 15 g) or saline over 30 min in healthy subjects and 15 g glutamine or saline in T2DM patients followed by an ID infusion of glucose over 100 min [36]
Pasupathy S, Tavella R, Grover S, Raman B, Procter NEK, Du YT, et al
Cell 61 , 614624 (2016)
INTRODUCTION Glutathione, the tripeptide -glutamyl-cysteinyl-glycine, plays a key role in detoxification and redox buffering processes in the cell (Noctor and Foyer, 1998)
N-acetylcysteine (NAC) 5.1.5